Urban Heat Island and its Implication for Energy Consumption across Selected Cities in the Niger Delta: Mmom, Prince Chinedu. and Lawal, Olanrewaju

Abstract

Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensification is a critical environmental and socioeconomic challenge associated with urbanization. This study investigates UHI effects in Port Harcourt, Uyo, and Asaba, cities in Nigeria's Niger Delta region, over a three-year period (2019-2021). Using Landsat imagery and Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity (SUHII) indices, the study quantifies land surface temperature (LST) variations and evaluates population exposure to heat stress. Results reveal significant spatial and temporal variations in LST, with urban centers experiencing higher temperatures. SUHII analysis highlights dense urban zones as hotspots of heat intensity, with substantial population exposure to high-risk areas, particularly in Port Harcourt (416,921 individuals), Uyo (167,469), and Asaba (65,393). The study further establishes a link between UHI intensification and increased energy demand for cooling, exacerbating energy shortages and greenhouse gas emissions. These findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable urban planning strategies, including green infrastructure and energy-efficient practices, to mitigate the effects of UHI and support climate resilience.